South Africa, albeit more than other African countries, has contributed a nominal amount to the global stock of GHG emissions. However, it is imperative that it shifts to a green industrialisation path, for two main reasons. First to avert looming risks arising from fundamental geo-political and economic shifts in the global economy. Second, to take advantage of opportunities this shift presents for South Africa’s industrialisation. Greening industrialisation and industrial policy represents an opportunity for South Africa to shift from fossil-fuel intensive stagnation to a higher value-added, labour-absorbing and less carbon-intensive economy.